Certaines de ces informations ou toutes, dans certains cas, n’apparaissent qu’en Anglais. Vous pouvez demander la version française

First Nations Cancer Burden

Key findings

First Nations peoples have a higher incidence of lung (females) and colorectal cancers, and a lower incidence of breast and prostate cancers.
Cancer mortality is higher in First Nations peoples as well, particularly for lung and colorectal cancers. Among First Nations peoples, 5-year observed survival was best for female breast and male prostate cancers; however, survival was still poorer than in other people in Ontario.
Cancer burden estimates are important to equip First Nations communities with information needed to set priorities and plan effective health programs to improve the health and well-being of their people.

Results

A limitation of this work is that the data do not go beyond the year 2010. Although these data are a little out of date, cancer patterns generally do not change dramatically year over year. However, significant investments and advancements have been made in malignant hematology care in the past 5 years.
Specifically for malignant hematology, information on sub-sites was not captured due to the small number of cases diagnosed in First Nations people. As well, age-standardization may differ from other data in the Cancer System Quality Index. Find more information in the corresponding methodology pages.

For technical information, see:

Female breast cancer

From 1991 to 2010, breast cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer among First Nations females, accounting for over 900 new cases. It was also the most commonly diagnosed cancer among other females in Ontario in the same 20-year period.

Although breast cancer was the second leading cause of cancer death in First Nations females and other females in Ontario, breast cancer mortality was lower in First Nations females than other females in Ontario. This may be because fewer First Nations women were being diagnosed with breast cancer.

There is a very good chance of surviving 5 years or longer following a breast cancer diagnosis. From 2001 to 2010, about 5 of every 7 First Nations females diagnosed with breast cancer (73%) survived 5 years or longer. A similar percentage of other Ontario women with breast cancer survived 5 years or longer during the same period.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 1: Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
SEX	First Nations	Others
Females	70	81

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 2: Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Year	Incidence for First Nations	Trend for First Nations	Incidence for Others	Trend for Others
1991	61.23	61.37	81.83	81.9
1992	63.02	62.1	83.08	81.83
1993	45.76	62.83	79.35	81.75
1994	68.78	63.58	78.56	81.68
1995	62.64	64.34	80.57	81.61
1996	64.95	65.1	79.72	81.53
1997	68.74	65.88	83.3	81.46
1998	75.15	66.66	83.43	81.39
1999	69.45	67.45	85.4	81.31
2000	70.19	68.26	81.63	81.24
2001	74.54	69.07	82.01	81.17
2002	71.96	69.89	84.3	81.09
2003	63.83	70.72	79.23	81.02
2004	66.04	71.56	80.11	80.95
2005	67.16	72.41	80.52	80.87
2006	70.68	73.27	79.5	80.8
2007	80.18	74.15	80.59	80.73
2008	72.78	75.03	78.36	80.65
2009	66.88	75.92	80.1	80.58
2010	86.06	76.82	82.12	80.51

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 3: Age-adjusted breast cancer mortality of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
sex	First Nations	Others
Females	16	19

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 4: Age-adjusted 5-year breast cancer survival of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
sex	First Nations	Others
Females	73	77

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 1: Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 2: Age-adjusted breast cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 3: Age-adjusted breast cancer mortality of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 4: Age-adjusted 5-year breast cancer survival of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Colorectal cancer

From 1991 to 2010, colorectal cancer was the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in First Nations peoples, with almost 1,000 new cases in this 20-year period. It was the fourth most common cancer diagnosed among all other people in Ontario.

Colorectal cancer was also the second leading cause of cancer death in both First Nations peoples and all other people in Ontario. About half of people with colorectal cancer (50% for First Nations peoples and 54% for other people) survived for at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis. Someone is more likely to survive for 5 years after being diagnosed with colorectal cancer if the cancer is caught at an earlier stage, when it is easier to treat.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Figure 5: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations people in Ontario compared to other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	56	41
Females	38	28

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 6: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Year	First Nations Observed Incidence	First Nations Incidence Trend	Others Observed Incidence	Others Incidence Trend
1991	31.93	37.32	31.19	29.85
1992	39.93	37.45	28.41	29.71
1993	36.65	37.58	29.11	29.57
1994	46.17	37.72	29.62	29.43
1995	39.69	37.85	29.27	29.3
1996	25.24	37.98	27.47	29.16
1997	46.45	38.12	26.74	29.02
1998	52.35	38.25	30.01	28.89
1999	24.45	38.39	29.99	28.75
2000	41.57	38.52	29.43	28.62
2001	30.57	38.66	29.61	28.49
2002	41.08	38.8	28.68	28.35
2003	32.02	38.94	28.48	28.22
2004	36.28	39.07	28.4	28.09
2005	35.33	39.21	27.84	27.96
2006	34.15	39.35	27.33	27.83
2007	38.85	39.49	28.12	27.7
2008	42.98	39.63	27.61	27.57
2009	39.04	39.77	27.48	27.44
2010	46.46	39.91	26.22	27.31

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 7: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
year	First Nations Observed Incidence	First Nations Incidence Trend	Others Observed Incidence	Others Incidence Trend
1991	28.3	55.7	42.2	42.2
1992	84.3	55.9	43.3	42.1
1993	52.0	56.1	41.6	42.1
1994	51.9	56.3	42.8	42.1
1995	36.0	56.5	40.7	42.0
1996	39.6	56.7	41.1	42.0
1997	80.9	57.0	40.7	42.0
1998	51.1	57.2	41.3	42.0
1999	64.1	57.4	42.2	41.9
2000	49.8	57.6	44.0	41.9
2001	80.9	57.8	43.5	41.9
2002	52.4	58.1	42.1	41.8
2003	59.3	58.3	40.0	41.8
2004	48.7	58.5	42.0	41.8
2005	46.0	58.7	41.5	41.7
2006	43.5	59.0	41.8	41.7
2007	73.7	59.2	40.8	41.7
2008	55.0	59.4	42.1	41.7
2009	52.3	59.6	39.5	39.1
2010	69.0	59.9	36.5	36.7

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 8: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer mortality of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	24	18
Females	14	12

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 9: Age-adjusted 5-year colorectal cancer survival of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010
sex	First Nations	Others
Males	47	52
Females	52	57

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 5: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 6: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 7: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 8: Age-adjusted colorectal cancer mortality of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 9: Age-adjusted 5-year colorectal cancer survival of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010

Lung cancer

From 1991 to 2010, lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer in First Nations peoples, accounting for over 1,000 new cases. For other people in Ontario, lung cancer was the third most common cancer diagnosed in this period.

Lung cancer was also the leading cause of cancer death in First Nations peoples and other people in Ontario. About 1 in 7 (14%) of First Nations peoples with lung cancer survived for at least 5 years after their cancer diagnosis, compared with 1 in 6 (17%) of other people in Ontario.

Five-year survival following a lung cancer diagnosis is poor for First Nations peoples and other people in Ontario because most lung cancers are found at a late stage, when they are hard to treat.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 10: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
sex	First Nations	Others
Males	57	48
Females	46	31

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 11: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
year	First Nations Observed Incidence	First Nations Incidence Trend	Others Observed Incidence	Others Incidence Trend
1991	33.17	34.16	29.13	28.93
1992	28.34	35.07	29.89	29.28
1993	35.67	36.01	29.31	29.64
1994	28.12	36.97	29.46	30
1995	36.61	37.95	30.26	30.37
1996	45.51	38.96	30.49	30.74
1997	42.56	40	30.83	31.12
1998	37.28	41.07	32.24	31.5
1999	50.32	42.17	31.56	31.88
2000	39.75	43.29	32.34	31.8
2001	37.63	44.45	31.81	31.73
2002	58.67	45.63	31.16	31.65
2003	39.56	46.85	30.52	31.58
2004	60.91	48.1	31.57	31.5
2005	49.78	49.38	32.57	31.42
2006	31.87	50.7	31.41	31.35
2007	60.39	52.05	31.47	31.27
2008	42.48	53.44	31.33	31.2
2009	58.67	54.87	31.15	31.12
2010	54.61	56.33	30.55	31.05

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 12: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
year	First Nations Observed Incidence	First Nations Incidence Trend	Others Observed Incidence	Others Incidence Trend
1991	56.5	74.8	61.0	60.3
1992	51.4	73.1	60.1	58.9
1993	94.2	71.4	58.4	57.5
1994	72.0	69.8	55.3	56.2
1995	49.0	68.2	53.5	54.9
1996	88.0	66.6	53.7	53.6
1997	81.8	65.1	51.1	52.4
1998	53.0	63.6	51.2	51.1
1999	52.1	62.2	50.0	49.9
2000	69.9	60.8	49.5	48.8
2001	62.7	59.4	48.7	47.6
2002	43.3	58.0	46.1	46.5
2003	34.9	56.7	44.3	45.4
2004	39.4	55.4	43.5	44.4
2005	71.4	54.1	44.3	43.4
2006	61.5	52.9	43.3	42.3
2007	58.1	51.7	40.6	41.4
2008	48.4	50.5	39.2	40.4
2009	44.3	49.3	39.5	39.4
2010	46.3	48.2	39.7	38.5

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 13: Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	44	39
Females	33	23

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 14: Age-adjusted 5-year lung cancer survival of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010
sex	First Nations	Others
Males	15	10
Females	20	19

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 10: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 11: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations females in Ontario compared with other females in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 12: Age-adjusted lung cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 13: Age-adjusted lung cancer mortality of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 14: Age-adjusted 5-year lung cancer survival of First Nations peoples in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010

Prostate cancer

From 1991 to 2010, prostate cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer for First Nations males and other males in Ontario. There were 636 cases of prostate cancer diagnosed in First Nations males during this period. Prostate cancer commonly occurs in older men.

Prostate cancer was the third leading cause of cancer death, with most deaths occurring in men over age 80 because this cancer normally grows quite slowly. About 3 in 4 (74%) of First Nations males and 4 in 5 (82%) of other males in Ontario with prostate cancer survived for at least 5 years after being diagnosed with cancer.

Survival rates after a prostate cancer diagnosis are good because prostate cancer is often found early, before it has grown or spread to other parts of the body, and when effective treatments are available.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 15: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	73	91

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 16: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010
year	First Nations Observed Incidence	First Nations Incidence Trend	Others Observed Incidence	Others Incidence Trend
1991	66.2	74.5	70.7	75.3
1992	83.5	74.4	79.5	77.0
1993	80.6	74.4	85.6	78.6
1994	85.3	74.3	83.4	80.3
1995	82.4	74.2	74.3	82.1
1996	55.9	74.2	79.1	83.8
1997	52.7	74.1	86.9	85.7
1998	56.4	74.0	86.3	87.5
1999	85.8	74.0	87.1	89.4
2000	71.8	73.9	92.9	91.3
2001	71.8	73.9	102.6	93.3
2002	91.7	73.8	96.1	95.3
2003	74.9	73.7	91.1	97.4
2004	49.6	73.7	97.8	99.5
2005	63.6	73.6	101.4	101.7
2006	85.1	73.5	103.8	103.9
2007	78.6	73.5	103.9	99.8
2008	92.7	73.4	93.0	95.9
2009	55.8	73.4	92.1	92.1
2010	67.7	73.3	88.9	88.5

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: Values displayed are trend values; for observed estimates, please see corresponding data table.

Data Table 17: Age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	16	14

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 18: Age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	74	82

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 15: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 16: Age-adjusted prostate cancer incidence of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, by year, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 17: Age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 18: Age-adjusted prostate cancer mortality of First Nations males in Ontario compared with other males in Ontario, ages 15 to 74 years, 1991 to 2010

Leukemia

First Nations males have a lower incidence of leukemia compared to other males in Ontario (7 new cases per 100,000 and 12 new cases per 100,000, respectively). Incidence of leukemia is similar among First Nations females and other females in Ontario.

Over a third (37%) of First Nations males diagnosed with leukemia survived five years or longer compared to half (50%) of other males in Ontario (not statistically significant).

First Nations females diagnosed with leukemia have poorer survival than other females in Ontario. Less than a third of First Nations females (30%) survived five years or longer after the diagnosis, compared to half (53%) of other females in Ontario.

Note: † indicates indicates statistical significance

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: † indicates indicates statistical significance

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 19: Age-adjusted incidence of leukemia in First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	7.4	12.2
Females	6.8	7.7

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 20: Age-adjusted 5-year leukemia survival of First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	37%	50%
Females	30%	53%

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 19: Age-adjusted 5-year leukemia survival of First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 20: Age-adjusted 5-year leukemia survival of First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Myeloma

Incidence of myeloma was higher in First Nations females compared to other females in Ontario. In Ontario, five new cases of myeloma per 100,000 people were diagnosed in First Nations females compared to three new cases per 100,000 people in other females in Ontario.

In males, incidence of myeloma was similar among both groups with five new cases per 100,000 people in First Nations males and four new cases per 100,000 people in other males in Ontario.

First Nations males had poorer five-year survival for myeloma than other males in Ontario. Almost a fifth (19%) of First Nations males with myeloma survived for at least five years after their cancer diagnosis, compared to 39% of other males in Ontario. Five-year survival for myeloma among First Nations females was 29% compared 42% among other females in Ontario.

Note: † indicates indicates statistical significance

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Note: † indicates indicates statistical significance

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 21: Age-adjusted incidence of myeloma in First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	4.8	4.2
Females	5.0	2.9

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 22: Age-adjusted 5-year myeloma survival of First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010
Sex	First Nations	Others
Males	19%	39%
Females	29%	42%

Report date: November 2018

Data source: Indian Registry System and Ontario Cancer Registry

Prepared by: Indigenous Cancer Care Unit, Cancer Care Ontario

Data Table 21: Age-adjusted incidence of myeloma in First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Data Table 22: Age-adjusted 5-year myeloma survival of First Nations people in Ontario compared with other people in Ontario, all ages, 1991 to 2010

Opportunities

Given the high cancer burden in First Nations peoples, efforts to reduce the number of risk factors through culturally tailored and community-led cancer prevention programs will be necessary.
Better cancer screening access, education and awareness are needed to improve participation and follow-up.
More data are needed to understand why cancer rates differ between First Nations people and other people in Ontario, and how these differences can be addressed.
In particular, for malignant hematology, more analysis of current rates (post 2010) is needed for an up-to-date understanding of trends in incidence and outcomes.

For more information

Chiefs of Ontario, Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences and Cancer Care Ontario have produced Cancer in First Nations People in Ontario: Incidence, Mortality, Survival and Prevalence. This report highlights cancer burden for First Nations peoples from 1991 to 2010.